TCS - PGI SYMPOSIUM PART 2

1.    CD 38+ is the characterisation of Pluripotent stem cells. All cells have this positive.

2.    If CD 34+ then it is committed stem cells. 

MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM THE UMBLICAL CORD: A USEFUL SOURCE

Stem cells have self-renewal and differentiation capacity.

Totipotent cells-	Early embryo
Pluripotent cells	Blastocyst
Multipotent stem cells	Adult stem cells

1.     Embryonic stem cells- objectionable

2.     Foetal stem cells- ok but still some problem

3.     Mesenchymal stem cells- can renew into neural tissue also?

4.     MSC derived from old age people have reduced capacity of proliferation.

5.     HYPOTHESIS PROPOSED: UNIVERSAL STEM CELLS BY ALLOTRANSPLANTATION WITHOUT REQUIREMENT OF IMMUNO SUPRESSION.

6.     MSC are hypo immunogenic and also alter the immune response and modulate the T cells phenotype

Having low level of MHC II and lack of MHC I

MSC downregulate the T cell response.

These immune regulatory property encourage them to be used in lot of AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER and can be used for allogenic transplants.

7.     MSC has an enormous proliferating capacity and this is very important in making them enlarge very fast.

8.     Sources of MSC

Umbilical cord matrix, Umbilical cord blood, Placenta, Amniotic fluid (Neonatal MSC)

Other sources Bone marrow, Adipose tissue. (Adult MSC)

9.     Neonatal MSC are useful as age related changes which occur in the adult MSC will not occur over here.

10.  Plasticity, homing are some of the property required for both Neonatal as well as Adult stem cells.

11.  Wharton’s jelly is the source of the MSC in the umbilical cord.

12.  Explants method

Take the umbilical cord – Mice into small pieces

 Keep in the plate, the MSC will adhere to the basement of the plate and will grow         enormously.

13.  Another is Digestion method

14.  MSC also have safety issue and but some study research said that does not have any malignant transformation potential.

15.  There is an ocean full of pearls and we need to search the pearls for the good.

2 R’S OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS-REPAIR AND REGENERATION

1.     E. Donnnall Thomas 1990

2.     Yamanaka -2012 Noble prize

3.     Artificial trachea- lancet 20087

4.     Artificial urethra-2011

5.     MSC are used in more than 76% of the trial.

6.     Earlier paracrine factor was thought to be responsible for causing proliferation of the stem cell injected area.

Transdifferentiate

Exosomes are released from the MSC- they have some receptor will go and add to the recipient cells and help them to regenerate.

7.     Dendritic derived Exosomes in severe cancer- Trial going on.

8.     MSC have many healthy mitochondria which get transferred from the MSC to the dying cells. This is documented.

9.     5 azacytidine is the commonly used for the characterisation of MSC into the cardiac cells.

10.  TGF beta also characterise the MSC into cardiac cells.

11.  FGF-2 helps in transformation to neural tissue. Something else are also there.

12.  Take a nerve cut it and then connect the cut by keeping a tissue

13.  Bench to bedside. Ocular Surface Reconstruction. EX vivo transfer of limbal corneal stem cells

14.  Vitiligo- Tissue specific stem cells – for the treatment of the vitiligo.

15.  STEM CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

CORNEAL DEFECT

LONG BONE DEFECT

16.  MSC are used for IBD where it has immunomodualtory capacity and the same MSC are used in Regenerative capacity. So is it the environment which determines the effect by which MSC will behave.